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  1. Sumner was a critic of natural rights, famously arguing Before the tribunal of nature a man has no more right to life than a rattlesnake; he has no more right to liberty than any wild beast; his right to pursuit of happiness is nothing but a license to maintain the struggle for existence ...

  2. William Graham Sumner, a sociologist at Yale University, penned several pieces associated with the philosophy of Social Darwinism. In the following, Sumner explains his vision of nature and liberty in a just society. The struggle for existence is aimed against nature.

  3. “The Rich Are Good-Natured”: William Graham Sumner Defends the Wealthy. In the late 19th century, William Graham Sumner, an Episcopal minister turned academic sociologist, brought a distinctly conservative perspective to the new “science” of sociology.

  4. A recent article by Robert Bannister is an exception to the traditional Sumner as a "tooth and claw" social Darwinist. Bannister's article, however, is concerned with the early part of Sumner's career and was not able to utilize pertinent essays that have just recently been discovered.

  5. 1 Ιαν 1994 · For Sumner, “the social order is fixed by laws of nature”; attempts to evade them are doomed and harmful. The schemes of socialists and other reformers are actually revolts against a reality unmindful of their yearnings.

  6. 17 Αυγ 2017 · Whether the issue is virtue or vice of character (as with the drunkard) or achieved social position and utility (as with the worker), state intervention obstructs the natural laws of social life that Sumner believes act justly and in the true and abiding interests of the social body.

  7. 3 Ιουλ 2017 · In this essay Matt Zwolinski, professor of philosophy at the University of San Diego, examines the charge of social Darwinism, and, more generally, the nature of Sumner's views on redistribution and our responsibilities toward the poor and vulnerable, and concludes that the charge of social Darwinism is mistaken as applied to Sumner, who is a ...

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