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Sumner was a critic of natural rights, famously arguing Before the tribunal of nature a man has no more right to life than a rattlesnake; he has no more right to liberty than any wild beast; his right to pursuit of happiness is nothing but a license to maintain the struggle for existence ...
William Graham Sumner, a sociologist at Yale University, penned several pieces associated with the philosophy of Social Darwinism. In the following, Sumner explains his vision of nature and liberty in a just society. The struggle for existence is aimed against nature.
“The Rich Are Good-Natured”: William Graham Sumner Defends the Wealthy. In the late 19th century, William Graham Sumner, an Episcopal minister turned academic sociologist, brought a distinctly conservative perspective to the new “science” of sociology.
1 Ιαν 1994 · For Sumner, “the social order is fixed by laws of nature”; attempts to evade them are doomed and harmful. The schemes of socialists and other reformers are actually revolts against a reality unmindful of their yearnings.
Sumner advocated that humanity could only survive in an environment untouched by attempts to change the “natural laws of social development”. Trained in the ideals of inductive empiricism, Sumner’s concepts were based on observations of particulars.
A recent article by Robert Bannister is an exception to the traditional Sumner as a "tooth and claw" social Darwinist. Bannister's article, however, is concerned with the early part of Sumner's career and was not able to utilize pertinent essays that have just recently been discovered.
17 Αυγ 2017 · Whether the issue is virtue or vice of character (as with the drunkard) or achieved social position and utility (as with the worker), state intervention obstructs the natural laws of social life that Sumner believes act justly and in the true and abiding interests of the social body.
