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19 Αυγ 2020 · Dipole moments occur when there is a separation of charge. They can occur between two ions in an ionic bond or between atoms in a covalent bond; dipole moments arise from differences in electronegativity. The larger the difference in electronegativity, the larger the dipole moment.
Revision notes on Bond Polarity & Dipole Moments for the CIE A Level Chemistry syllabus, written by the Chemistry experts at Save My Exams.
The dipole moment measures the extent of net charge separation in the molecule as a whole. We determine the dipole moment by adding the bond moments in three-dimensional space, taking into account the molecular structure. For diatomic molecules, there is only one bond, so its bond dipole moment determines the molecular polarity.
Distinguish between the following three types of intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole forces, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonds. Identify types of intermolecular forces in a molecule. Describe how chemical bonding and intermolecular forces influence the properties of various compounds.
For one bond, the bond dipole moment is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms. For a molecule, the overall dipole moment is determined by both the individual bond moments and how these dipoles are arranged in the molecular structure.
The dipole moment, μ (lowercase Greek letter mu), is defined as the magnitude of the charge Q at either end of the molecular dipole times the distance r between the charges, μ = Q × r. Dipole moments are expressed in debyes (D), where 1 D = 3.336 × 10 –30 coulomb meters (C · m) in SI units.
11 Απρ 2015 · Ion–dipole interactions in biological macromolecules are formed between atomic or molecular ions and neutral protein dipolar groups through either hydrogen bond or coordination.
