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map shows a burgeoning settlement, but no walls or gaol to conine the convicts. It was an ‘open’ prison, where convicts lived in their own tents and huts — and were employed on public works and farms — making escape into the bush relatively easy.
determine why the British government in 1786 decided to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay on the east coast of the newly discovered New South Wales that was situated many thousands of kilometres from English ports and outposts.
There is thus some overlap with Prison Registers 1770-1951 and Hulks Registers 1801-1879, Assignment lists, and other record series that list convicts by ships, such as the British Transportation Registers 1787-1867. Convict Indents were foundational documents for other record sets.
About 162,000 male and female prisoners were sent to Botany Bay between 1788 and 1868, the last year that convicts were sent there. Most prisoners at Botany Bay were from England, Ireland, or Scotland, but some were from other colonies of England such as Canada, India, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and the countries of the Caribbean Sea.
Botany Bay: the settlement of criminals in New South Wales in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries prisoners would be crammed. For those convicts who remained in Sydney, lodgings were available in a neighbourhood called The Rocks.
He held that transportation to Botany Bay most critically failed to live up to the requirements for punishment because the scheme lacked the effect of deterrence: “punishments which are inflicted at the antipodes—in a country of which so little is known, and with which communication was so rare” are “hidden, abstracted from, the eyes of ...
Botany Bay Once the prisoners arrived in Australia, life was no better. Botany Bay was not as hospitable as the group had hoped. The bay was shallow, but there was not a large supply of fresh water, the land was not fertile and the trees practically indestructible. Many new arrivals were sick or unfit for work and the conditions
