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map shows a burgeoning settlement, but no walls or gaol to conine the convicts. It was an ‘open’ prison, where convicts lived in their own tents and huts — and were employed on public works and farms — making escape into the bush relatively easy.
determine why the British government in 1786 decided to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay on the east coast of the newly discovered New South Wales that was situated many thousands of kilometres from English ports and outposts.
Botany Bay as a new British settlement (the letter to Treasury dated I8 August 1786 from Lord Sydney, Secretary of State for the Home Office)' stated categorically that it was so chosen to be the destination urgently needed to rid Britain of an overflow of felons in her prisons, and with no other purpose mentioned, it has been assumed, until
There is thus some overlap with Prison Registers 1770-1951 and Hulks Registers 1801-1879, Assignment lists, and other record series that list convicts by ships, such as the British Transportation Registers 1787-1867. Convict Indents were foundational documents for other record sets.
Botany Bay: the settlement of criminals in New South Wales in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries prisoners would be crammed. For those convicts who remained in Sydney, lodgings were available in a neighbourhood called The Rocks.
In May 1787, eleven ships left England with more than seven hundred convicts on board, along with orders to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay, New South Wales.
In 1788 Captain Arthur Phillip (1738-1814) arrived at Botany Bay, New South Wales, with 760 convicts to open up the first penal settlement in Australia. He eventually chose a site at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson, near to Circular Quay in modern Sydney.
