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The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) is a species of baleen whale belonging to the family Balaenidae and is the only living representative of the genus Balaena. It is the only baleen whale endemic to the Arctic and subarctic waters, and is named after its characteristic massive triangular skull, which it uses to break through Arctic ice.
The Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) is a species of baleen whale and the only living representative of the genus Balaena. They are the only baleen whale endemic to the Arctic and subarctic waters and are named after their characteristic massive triangular skull, which they use to break through Arctic ice.
One of just three year-round native Arctic whale species, bowheads are famous for their massive bow-shaped heads that make up about a third of their length. They’re perfectly designed for one of the bowheads’ main challenges: breaking through sea ice more than 20 centimetres thick to breathe.
Bowhead whales are capable of breaking through sea ice at least seven inches thick with their large skulls and powerful bodies. Adult bowheads are entirely black except the front part of the lower jaw which is white and prominently upturned.
8 Μαρ 2023 · Bowhead whales are one of the few whale species that reside almost exclusively in Arctic and subarctic waters experiencing seasonal sea ice coverage, primarily between 60° and 75° north latitude. Of all large whales, the bowhead is the most adapted to life in icy water.
Bowhead whales are the giants of the Arctic. They average about 15 meters in length and have the thickest blubber, thickest skin, greatest longevity, longest baleen, lowest body core temperatures, and the largest head (proportionally) of any cetacean.
Found in both northern Atlantic and Pacific waters, the species has evolved thick skin and blubber for insulation and a source of energy reserves, an enormous, strong and bowed head that can break through ice up to 1m thick, and an ability to stay under water for over an hour at a time to swim beneath the ice 1,2.
