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20 Ιουν 2014 · Crystals make stones and their names signify the kidney stone types. Here are the names of the crystals that make the stones: CAOX, Calcium Oxalate; CAP, Calcium phosphate; UA, Uric Acid; Cystine; Struvite.
The presence of infectious microorganisms in urinary stones is commonly inferred from stone composition, especially by the presence of struvite in a stone. The presence of highly carbonated apatite has also been proposed as a marker of the presence of bacteria within a stone.
10 Σεπ 2024 · The two forms of calcium phosphate include apatite (sometimes reported as carbonate apatite), which is the crystal type found in bone, or calcium hydrogen phosphate (brushite); the frequency of apatite is much greater than brushite.
Struvite stones, also called “infection stones” or Mg-NH 4 + carbonate-apatite stones, only form when urease-producing bacteria are present in the upper urinary tract, Dr. Curhan noted. Complete stone removal is required, and further stones can be prevented by preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs), he said.
9 Αυγ 2023 · Composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium carbonate-apatite, these rapidly growing stones can fill the entire renal pelvis. These result from chronic urinary tract infection by urease-producing organisms such as Proteus .
15 Απρ 2019 · Decreasing intake of carbonated drinks, especially those acidified with phosphoric acid (e.g., colas), further reduces risk of stone recurrence. 38, 39.
Calcium stones are predominant renal stones comprising about 80% of all urinary calculi . The proportion of calcium stones may account for pure calcium oxalate (CaOx) (50%), calcium phosphate (CaP, termed as apatite) (5%), and a mixture of both (45%) [ 30 ].
