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30 Ιουν 2023 · The Group 14 elements tend to adopt oxidation states of +4 and, for the heavier elements, +2 due to the inert pair effect. Members of this group conform well to general periodic trends. The atomic radii increase down the group, and ionization energies decrease. Metallic properties increase down the group.
Group 14: The Carbon Family Elements (Silicon) Central element to electronic technology and artificial intelligences. Larger atomic size than C which results in relatively few compounds that have Si=Si and Si=O bonds. Si compounds can act as Lewis acids where as C compounds typically cannot.
To understand the trends in properties and reactivity of the group 14 elements. The elements of group 14 show a greater range of chemical behavior than any other family in the periodic table. Three of the five elements—carbon, tin, and lead—have been known since ancient times.
Group 14 14 Abstract This chapter covers the elements of Group 14 (C to Pb). Many properties of these elements are tabulated. There is extensive coverage of the natural sources and preparations of these elements, their structures, properties, uses, and biological effects. The allotropes of carbon, graphite, fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene
Group 14 lecture. Carbon and Group 14 Elements. Chem 462 Nov. 17. Graphite. Pure sp2carbon, 120˚ angles, d(C-C) = 1.41 Å. Diamond. Pure sp3. carbon. All bonds staggered- “ideal” d(C-C) - 1.54 Å, like ethane. Trends in atomization energies. Explanation? Allotropes of Carbon Carbon Nanotubes. Carbides. (a) discrete C atoms (no C-C bonds, “C4-”)
Because group 14 crosses the dividing line between metals and non-metals, elements in this group feature a wide variety of physical and chemical properties, bringing a rich context into material science.
Chemical properties:- Carbon and silicon mostly show +4 oxidation state. Germanium forms stable compounds in +4 state and only few compounds in +2 state. Tin forms compounds in both oxidation states. Lead compounds in +2 state are stable and in +4 state are strong oxidizing agents. Exception:-Pb4 and SnF4 are ionic in nature.
