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explain the central concepts in the routine activities and lifestyle approaches to criminal behavior. describe rational choice theory and its relationship to deterrence. understand policy implications of rational choice theory, including criminal justice policies and situational crime prevention.
Classical criminology usually refers to the work of 18th-century philosophers of legal reform, such as Beccaria and Bentham, but its influence extends into contemporary works on crime and economics and on deterrence, as well as into the rational choice perspective.
In Chapter 2, we discussed the early development of the Classical and Neoclassical Schools of crimino-logical thought. This theoretical perspective has been the dominant framework used by judges and practi-tioners in the practice of administering justice and punishment even in current times, but beginning in the
Method. Bentham's analytical and empirical method emphasized conceptual clarity and deductive argument. It was influenced by the philosophes of the Enlightenment, such as Cesare Beccaria, Claude [p. 89 ↓ ] Helvétius, Denis Diderot, and Voltaire, and also by John Locke and David Hume.
The classical school of criminology is not a physical place, but instead refers to the roots of criminological thought in the writings of the philosophers and social reformers who became prominent during the Age of Enlightenment.
Page 6 of 11 Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory: Beccaria, Cesare: Classical School like the proportionality between crimes and punishments, the rational classification of crimes, the rational use of credible witnesses, the rational use of evidence, and a prohibition against secret accusation.
A core principle of classical school and rational choice theories. This theory states that crime can be controlled through the use of punishments that combine the proper degrees of certainty, severity, and celerity.
