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DDR4 SDRAMs are very prevalent in devices that use ASICs and FPGAs. In this tutorial we explore the basics of DDR4 memory starting with what it looks on the inside, how basic operations such as READ and WRITE work, DRAM page size, ranks and addressing.
15 Απρ 2011 · DDR SDRAM uses double data rate architecture to achieve high-speed data transfers. DDR SDRAM (referred to as DDR) transfers data on both the rising and falling edge of the clock. This...
Double Data Rate Synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM) has become a mainstream memory of choice in design due to its speed, burst access and pipeline features. The DDR SDRAM is an enhancement to the conventional SDRAM running at bus speed over 75MHz.
Organizing at cache line granularity (64 B) reduces wasted space and wasted bandwidth. Problem: Cache of hundreds of MB needs tag-store of tens of MB. E.g. 256MB DRAM cache needs ~20MB tag store. (5 bytes/line) But big blocks have their own issues. Wasted off-chip bandwidth. Wasted cache space.
This paper discusses the functional design of a 32-bit DDR SDRAM controller and implementation of the design through the synthesis and physical design flow which form a part of ASIC Design Flow. This block level, semi-custom implementation is done using Synopsys Design Compiler and IC Compiler at 90nm technology node.
Memory Array. once the data is valid on ALL of the bit lines, you can select a subset of the bits and send them to the output buffers ... CAS picks one of the bits. big point: cannot do another RAS or precharge of the lines until finished reading the column data ... can’t change the values on the bit lines or the output of the sense amps ...
Embedded systems that use double data rate memory (DDR) can realize increased performance over traditional single data rate (SDR) memories. As the name implies, DDR enables two data transactions to occur within a single clock cycle without doubling the applied clock or without to doubling the size of the data bus. This increased data bus
