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A Cartesian coordinate system in two dimensions (also called a rectangular coordinate system or an orthogonal coordinate system[8]) is defined by an ordered pair of perpendicular lines (axes), a single unit of length for both axes, and an orientation for each axis.
The xyz coordinate axis system, denoted 3, is represented by three real number lines meeting at a common point, called the origin. The three number lines are called the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis. Together, the three axes are called the coordinate axes.
DESCRIBING PLANES. To draw the set of all points (x,y,z) which satisfy x+ 2y − 3z = 2, we first find the intersections with the three coordinate axis. These intersects are P = (2,0,0),Q = (0,1,0),R = (0,0,−2/3). Then we draw the traces, the intersections of the set with the coordinate planes x = 0, y = 0 or z = 0.
The three directions in the Cartesian coordinate system are specified as the axes X, Y, and Z. The axes are mutually perpendicular and intersect at one point: the datum (origin). An absolute coordinate designates the distance to the datum along a single axis.
Locate and label the appropriate point on the z–axis, for example, z = 2. From the point in step (1), draw line segments parallel to the x–axis and the y–axis. From the ends of the segments in step (2), draw additional lines parallel to the y–axis and the x–axis to complete the parallelogram.
Z points “up” The graphic illustrates one example of a topocentric frame. There is nota standard definition–for example, the z-axis could point down, the x-axis North, and the y-axis East. • *SPICE tools always have the “up” or “down” axis being normal to the spheroid. But one could use external data to determine the local gravity
The positive X‐axis points to the right. The positive Y‐axis points up. The negative Z‐axis points into the screen (positive Z‐axis points out of the screen) Objects to look at are in front of us, i.e., have negative Z values. But objects are still in 3D.
