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Alkanes are industrially important as fuels. Definition: The alkanes with C 1 to C 4 carbon atoms are gasses, C 5 to C 17 are liquids and alkanes with carbon atoms greater than 18 are solids at room temperature. Methane (CH 4), Ethane (C 2 H 6), Propane (C 3 H 8) are the first three alkanes.
In the following practice problems, we will go over naming alkanes using the IUPAC nomenclature rules which include finding the parent chain, numbering it to have the substituents in the correct positions, and finally putting all of this together to name the compound.
1. What is crude oil? 2. What are hydrocarbons? b. What does the term 'saturated' mean in the context of hydrocarbons? 3. What is an alkane? 4. Name the first two alkanes. 5. What is the general formula for alkanes and how does it help in identifying them? 6. Name the alkane with three carbon atoms and draw its structure. 7.
4 The alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons obtained from the fractions in crude oil. (a) Describe how crude oil is separated into fractions in industry.
The nomenclature for alkanes dictates that each molecules name are made up of a prefix relating to the number of carbons present (e.g pent- for 5 carbon atoms or hex- for 6), and the suffix -ane. The only exceptions to these rules are the first four alkanes (shown above).
The first four members of the alkanes are methane, ethane, propane and butane. Alkane molecules can be represented in the following forms: (C₂H₆ or drawn out version). Students should be able to recognise substances as alkanes given their formulae in these forms.
What are the first four alkanes? Methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) are the first four alkanes. Methane gas, whose molecular formula is CH4, is the simplest alkane.
