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FLUTD describes a collection of common conditions that affect the bladder and/or urethra – the narrow tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. It includes the condition commonly known as cystitis – inflammation of the bladder – and does not usually involve the kidneys.
Cats with FLUTD usually present with signs of dysuria (difficult urination), pollakiuria (increased frequency of urination), haematuria, agitation or vocalisation (crying or howling) when trying to urinate, urethral obstruction, and/or periuria (inappropriate urination).
Francesca Riccomini BSc(Hons), BVetMed, MRCVS, DAS(CABC), CCAB, on why cats suffer from FLUTD and a behavioural approach to management. THE term FLUTD covers a range of conditions that affect the bladder and urethra in cats. It is generally only diagnosed as a result of behavioral changes.
Urinary crystals and bladder stones (calculi) are found in many cats with FLUTD. The two most common types of urinary crystals found in cats are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and calcium oxalate. In cats it is very common for crystals to develop without stones forming.
FLUTD in cats < 10 years of age is feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), followed by uroliths, and urethral plugs. A diagnosis of FIC is made by excluding all other causes of FLUTD. In older cats (> 10 years), urinary tract infection and/or uroliths are the most common cause of FLUTD.
Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) describes a variety of conditions that affect the bladder and urethra of cats. Cats with FLUTD most often show signs of difficulty and pain when urinating, increased frequency of urination, and blood in the urine. Cats with FLUTD also tend to lick themselves excessively and may urinate outside the litter
FLUTD (Table 1). Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) can be obstructive or non-obstructive. Male cats are most vulnerable to obstructive disease and need emergency treatment.
