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FLUTD describes a collection of common conditions that affect the bladder and/or urethra – the narrow tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. It includes the condition commonly known as cystitis – inflammation of the bladder – and does not usually involve the kidneys.
Cats with FLUTD usually present with signs of dysuria (difficult urination), pollakiuria (increased frequency of urination), haematuria, agitation or vocalisation (crying or howling) when trying to urinate, urethral obstruction, and/or periuria (inappropriate urination).
THE term FLUTD covers a range of conditions that affect the bladder and urethra in cats. It is generally only diagnosed as a result of behavioral changes.
Urinary crystals and bladder stones (calculi) are found in many cats with FLUTD. The two most common types of urinary crystals found in cats are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and calcium oxalate. In cats it is very common for crystals to develop without stones forming.
FLUTD in cats < 10 years of age is feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), followed by uroliths, and urethral plugs. A diagnosis of FIC is made by excluding all other causes of FLUTD. In older cats (> 10 years), urinary tract infection and/or uroliths are the most common cause of FLUTD.
20 Αυγ 2018 · 20th August 2018. Signs, causes and investigation. Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is not a specific disease, but rather is the term used to describe conditions that can affect the urinary bladder and/or urethra (the lower urinary tract) of cats.
At a minimum, a complete urinalysis, including sediment examination, and survey abdominal radiography should be performed for all cats with signs of FLUTD (FIGURE 1). For an adult cat younger than 10 years with acute signs, FIC and urolithiasis are the primary differentials, so urinalysis and radiography are typically adequate.
