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  1. 1 Ιαν 2021 · Membrane separation techniques for effluent treatment are becoming popular due to strict implementation of effluent discharge standards. Nanofiltration (NF) is a widely used membrane process for water, effluent treatment, and desalination.

    • Uf/Ro

      The water in the rinsing baths becomes contaminated during...

    • III

      Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide, a waste material from the...

    • NaCl

      Earlier studies on heavy metal biosorption have shown that...

  2. 1 Μαΐ 2021 · The microbial reduction is an efficient way to use indigenous microbes to remove toxic metals from the contaminated sites and stabilize them in the ecosystem. Microbial mediated mechanisms can degrade toxic hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from polluted sites.

  3. ABSTRACT. Cr (VI) compounds find wide uses in the industrial sector, such as wood preservation, tanning, chrome plating, and anticorrosive agents. Several kinds of both natural and industrial factors can lead to Cr (VI) contamination in wastewater.

  4. 1 Μαρ 2021 · Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) ions are prevalent, and its toxicity causes environmental and public health concerns. Chromium (IV) based industrial effluents have become a worldwide menace. This...

  5. 6 Μαρ 2023 · This paper aims to review and evaluate the latest developments in the area of hexavalent chromium removal by EC process applications.

  6. 20 Μαΐ 2023 · Industrial processes, such as electroplating, electrical appliances and battery production, tannery, oil refineries, and paint production, also generate Cr-polluted wastewater with hazardous effects (Kumar and Dwivedi 2021; Hosseini et al. 2021; Ramli et al. 2023).

  7. Chromium (Cr) is a common groundwater contaminant with both natural and anthropogenic origins. Dissolved Cr exists in hexavalent and trivalent forms – while the former is carcinogenic and more soluble – the latter is a micronutrient at low levels and is less soluble.

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