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30 Οκτ 2023 · This article will review the embryology of the bone marrow as well as its histology. Additionally, the constituent cell lineages and their function will be discussed, together with clinically relevant processes and pathologies.
Bone Marrow Structure and Function. The bone marrow is found within the central cavities of axial and long bones (Figure 1). It consists of hematopoietic tissue islands and adipose cells surrounded by vascular sinuses interspersed within a meshwork of trabecular bone.
Bone marrow is highly cellular. This makes identification of developing blood cells very difficult. The exception is the large megakaryocytes (#1, #2, and #3). Similar to blood, smears made from suspensions of bone marrow cells are preferable for the identification of other types of blood cells.
The components involved in bone marrow histology are cortical and trabecular bone and stroma, vasculature, sinus wall layers, nerves, hematopoietic cells, and non-hematopoietic interstitial cells. Refer to Box 2, Box 3 for a checklist and list of histochemical stains used to assess bone marrow histologic specimens. Box 2.
The bone marrow is best described as a unique semisolid organ which exists in a fine balance and has a dynamic relationship with lymphoid tissues and the peripheral blood. The main function of the marrow is production of haematopoietic cells which develop from a small group of self-propagating stem cells.
In decalcified, paraffin-embedded, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections of bone marrow, the more mature stages of the erythroid and myeloid cells, adipocytes, mast cells, and megakaryocytes can be identified, but lymphoid cells as well as immature progenitor cells can not be reliably identified.
The bone marrow is the ∼ major hematopoietic organ, and a primary lymphoid tissue, responsible for the production of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets.
