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14 Δεκ 2021 · The therapeutic objective in treating chronic hypernatremia is to raise the serum [Na] no more than 8 to 12 mm/L during the first 24 hours and then continue with slow correction with close monitoring over the next 24 to 48 hours. See FIGURE 2 for an algorithm of the management of the hypernatremic patient.
Treatment of the hypernatremia patient in veterinary medicine can be challenging, and appropriate fluid therapy and careful monitoring is imperative. The speed of correction of hypernatremia will depend on the speed of onset of hypernatremia in the patient. Normal body sodium in both the dog and cat is approximately 140 mEq/L.
Sodium is essential in regulating your dog’s bodily fluids to keep them going where they belong and controls nerve and muscle cells as well. Luckily, chronic (true) hypernatremia is not common in dogs, but acute dehydration hypernatremia is common for some dogs when they do not get enough water, too much exercise, fever, or overheating.
When evaluating hypernatraemia, it is vitally important to assess a patient’s volume status on physical examination (heart rate, pulse quality, mucous membrane colour, capillary refill time) to compose a differential diagnoses list and instigate effective treatment.
Hypernatremia is defined as a plasma or serum [Na] above the reference range and reflects the loss of water in excess of sodium, or the addition of sodium in excess of water. In healthy animals, central osmoreceptors will detect the associated increase in osmolarity and trigger water-seeking behaviors and antidiuretic hormone release.
Returning of sodium concentrations to the normal range is crucial in patient management – and needs to be carried out in a careful manner, to avoid decreasing serum osmolality too rapidly. This short podcast reviews an approach to the management of a dog with hypernatraemia, with the aim of helping avoid common pitfalls of rapid sodium ...
Correction of hypernatremia (i.e., free water loss) is achieved by free water replacement. The rate for correction of hypernatremia is identical to the correction of hyponatremia, with a maximum of 12 mEq/L a day and goal of 0.5–1 mEq/L per hour.
