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Using the Principle of Charge Neutrality (section 2.6.6) and knowing the charge of the ions allows you to determine the formula. Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\) What is the formula for Barium Chloride?
When an ionic compound is formed from magnesium and oxygen, the magnesium ion has a 2+ charge, and the oxygen atom has a 2− charge. Although both of these ions have higher charges than the ions in lithium bromide, they still balance each other in a one-to-one ratio.
Learning Objectives. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define ionic and molecular (covalent) compounds. Predict the type of compound formed from elements based on their location within the periodic table. Determine formulas for simple ionic compounds.
Thus the formula is CaCl 2. Similarly, calcium phosphate must be Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 because the cation and the anion have charges of +2 and −3, respectively. The best way to learn how to name ionic compounds is to work through a few examples, referring to Figure 2.10, Table 2.2, Table 2.4, and Table 2.5 as needed.
Roman numeral notation indicates charge of ion when element commonly forms more than one ion. For example, iron( II ) has a 2+ charge; iron( III ) a 3+ charge.
The charge of the metal ion is determined from the formula of the compound and the charge of the anion. For example, consider binary ionic compounds of iron and chlorine. Iron typically exhibits a charge of either 2+ or 3+ (see Figure 2.29), and the two corresponding compound formulas are FeCl 2 and FeCl 3.
Define ionic and molecular (covalent) compounds. Predict the type of compound formed from elements based on their location within the periodic table. Determine formulas for simple ionic compounds. In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus of each atom (and thus the identity of the element) remains unchanged.
