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28 Ιουλ 2022 · Piaget proposed four cognitive developmental stages for children, including sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and the formal operational stage.
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Intelligence (in all cultures) is the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use our knowledge to adapt to new situations. This is the conceptual definition. In research studies, intelligence is whatever the intelligence test measures. This tends to be “school smarts” and it tends to be culture-specific.
SUMMARY: The doctrine of "operational definition" in psychology was presumably based on the methodic thinking of the distinguished Harvard physicist, Percy William Bridgman, who in many writings over some 46 years,
One way to seek understanding of intelligence is simply to define what it is. Sternberg (1986) purports two principal classifications of definition of intelligence—the operational definition and the ‘‘real’’ definition. Operational intelligence is measurable.
THE NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE. The theory of intelligence goes back a long way. Plato and Aristotle already separated out cognitive performance from emotional and conative behaviours, and Cicero used the term intelligentia very much in its modern meaning.
nine parts: Part I covers intelligence and its measurement; Part II deals with the development of intelligence; Part III discusses intelligence and group differences; Part IV concerns the biology of intelligence; Part V is about intelligence and information processing; Part VI
The theories are grouped into four major theory types: (1) psychometric theories; (2) cognitive theories; (3) cognitive-contextual theories; and (4) biological theories. Psychometric theories derive from studying individual differences in test performance on cognitive tests.
