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12 Μαρ 2024 · The perpendicular distance is also sometimes called the lever arm or moment arm or torque arm. We can draw these lines for our example problem: Diagram of the flexed arm showing the line of action of the gravitational force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action. Image adapted from Openstax University Physics.
What is torque? Crudely speaking, torque is "twisting or turning ability" of a force that can: change the angular velocity of an object (i.e. speed up or slow down rotation) cause a twisting or bending distortion of an object. A force with a "line of action" that does not cross the axis of rotation results in torque. Note:
Torque is the turning or twisting effectiveness of a force, illustrated here for door rotation on its hinges (as viewed from overhead). Torque has both magnitude and direction.
Biomechanical parameters can be represented as either scalar or vector quantities. A scalar is simply represented by its magnitude. Mass, time, and length are examples of scalar quantities. A vector is generally described as having both magnitude and orientation.
Describe how the magnitude of a torque depends on the magnitude of the lever arm and the angle the force vector makes with the lever arm. Determine the sign (positive or negative) of a torque using the right-hand rule. Calculate individual torques about a common axis and sum them to find the net torque.
Find the lever arm (or moment arm) by extending the line of the force and drawing a line from the axis of rotation so that is crosses the line of the force at a right angle. Finding the lever arm
NOTE: here the lever arm = (force position - axis position). If signs are carefully kept, the sign of the force times the lever arm sign will successfully give the sign of the resulting torque.
