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Course: AP®︎/College Biology > Unit 6. Lesson 4: Translation. Translation (mRNA to protein) Overview of translation. Retroviruses. Differences in translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation. Intro to gene expression (central dogma) The genetic code.
15 Σεπ 2023 · Here is the list of the 20 amino acids, along with their three-letter and one-letter abbreviation: Start Codons. Start codons are codons within an mRNA molecule that indicate the start of protein translation. AUG is the most common start codon and serves as the start signal for translation initiation.
The first table—the standard table—can be used to translate nucleotide triplets into the corresponding amino acid or appropriate signal if it is a start or stop codon. The second table, appropriately called the inverse, does the opposite: it can be used to deduce a possible triplet code if the amino acid is known.
Encryption the table of codons and transforms RNA codons into their amino acid codes according to official abbreviations IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) and IUBMB (Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology). There are 22 amino acids, it is then possible to encode only 22 letters.
The genetic code. Efforts to understand how proteins are encoded began after DNA's structure was discovered in 1953.
The chart seen in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\) can be used to translate an mRNA sequence into an amino acid sequence. For example, the codon UUU will always cause the insertion of the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe), while the codon UUA will cause the insertion of leucine (Leu).
Cells need proteins to perform their functions. Amino acids codon chart (codon table) is used for RNA to translate into proteins. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins.
