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10 Οκτ 2022 · By overcoming many of the limitations of traditional meta-analyses, our approach provides comprehensive, up-to-date and easy-to-use estimates of the evidence on the health effects of smoking.
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- Extended Data Fig. 3 Prisma 2020 Flow Diagram for an Updated Systematic Review of The Smoking and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Risk- Outcome Pair
Extended Data Fig. 3 Prisma 2020 Flow Diagram for an Updated...
- Extended Data Fig. 2 Prisma 2020 Flow Diagram for an Updated Systematic Review of The Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Risk-Outcome Pair
Extended Data Fig. 2 Prisma 2020 Flow Diagram for an Updated...
- Extended Data Fig. 1 Prisma 2020 Flow Diagram for an Updated Systematic Review of The Smoking and Tracheal, Bronchus, and Lung Cancer Risk-Outcome Pair
Extended Data Fig. 1 Prisma 2020 Flow Diagram for an Updated...
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In comparing lung cancer risk in smokers of different types of cigarettes, Lee (35) determined in 2001 that the risk was 36% lower in individuals smoking filtered cigarettes than in those smoking unfiltered cigarettes, and the risk was 23% lower for smokers of low-tar cigarettes than smokers of high-tar cigarettes.
Smoking is the practice of inhaling smoke from burning plant material. Nicotine works on your brain to create a relaxing, pleasurable feeling that makes it tough to quit. But smoking tobacco puts you at risk for cancer, stroke, heart attack, lung disease and other health issues.
28 Μαΐ 2017 · This paper provides a broad overview of smoking in terms of: the health effects, benefits of stopping, prevalence and patterns of use, psychological, pharmacological and social factors leading to uptake and maintenance of the behaviour, effectiveness of population level and individual level interventions to combat it, and methods used to reduce ...
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31 Ιουλ 2023 · The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing over 8 million people a year around the world. More than 7 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while around 1.3 million are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke (4).
Smoking can have an effect on the cardiovascular system, which can lead to coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, an aortic aneurysm, hypertension, and stroke [2 - 4]. Cigarette smoke contains more than 7,000 toxic substances, including nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide.
1 Δεκ 2008 · Second-and thirdhand smoking have been shown to have an even more significant impact on health, with prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke linked to the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ...
