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foundations of theories and methods relating to valency and molecular structures In this edition the chapter on Bohr theory has been removed while some sections such as structures of crystalline solids have been expanded Details of structures have
Electron Distribution Diagram For Sodium: Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry John McMurry,2013 Fundamentals of General Organic and Biological Chemistry by McMurry Ballantine Hoeger and Peterson provides background in chemistry and
The outermost electrons surrounding an atom (the valence electrons) are responsible for the number and type of bonds that a given atom can form with other atoms, and are responsible for the chemistry of the atom.
Electrons in the outermost orbitals, called valence electrons, are responsible for most of the chemical behavior of elements. In the periodic table, elements with analogous valence electron configurations usually occur within the same group.
This means that the chemistry of an atom depends mostly on the electrons in its outermost shell, which are called the valence electrons. The simplified notation allows us to see the valence-electron configuration more easily. Using this notation to compare the electron configurations of sodium and lithium, we have:
An electron dot structure shows the symbol of the element and its valence electrons. Atoms tend to gain or lose the number of electrons that will provide the atom with a noble gas electron configuration.
Each period represents an energy level within the atom (where electrons reside). Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer energy level (the valence level). The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”.
