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• New data set of global sound speed at the end of XXI century with associated uncertainty: global sound speed generally increases • Climate-induced sound speed variations are substantial in selected “acoustic hotspots” • Underwater sound transmission loss is expected to decrease in acoustic hotspots potentially
28 Ιαν 2019 · All this highlights the need for much stronger links between ecosystem scientists, social scientists studying human adaptation and resilience, and those designing and implementing climate...
The Earth’s Greenhouse Efect1. Climate change is altering temperature, precipitation, and sea levels, and will adversely impact human and natural systems, including water resources, human settlements and health, ecosystems, and biodiversity.
It explains how scientiûc and policy debates work, outlines the scientiûc evidence for the reality and seriousness of climate change and the basic atmospheric science that supports it, and discusses policy options and the current state of the policy debate.
Table of Contents. Executive Summary ......................................................95. 1.1 Overview of the Chapter ...................................95. 1.2 The Nature of Earth Science ............................95. 1.3 Examples of Progress in Detecting and Attributing Recent Climate Change ............100.
• 90% of the extra heat associated with global warming has been taken up by the ocean (see box What are greenhouse gases? on page 6). The ocean is now warming faster than at any time in at least 11,000 years. • Sea level has risen globally by about 20 centimetres (approximately 8 inches) since 1900. It is rising
This Summary for Policymakers (SPM) presents key findings of the Working Group I (WGI) contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)1 on the physical science basis of climate change. The report builds