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Eh-pH-diagrams show the thermodynamic stability areas of different species in an aqueous solution. Stability areas are presented as a function of pH and electrochemical potential scales. Usually the upper and lower stability limits of water are also shown in the diagrams with dotted lines.
30 Νοε 2021 · Abstract. Speciation diagrams are useful in determining the effects of conditions on the distribution of species. For example in the sulfate/water system it is useful to know the available sulfate ion concentration as a function of pH. Download chapter PDF.
reaction as sulfate. At high pH, nearly all sulfate is dissociated from hydrogen ions. Dissociated sulfate is readily available to react with other species. A speciation diagram can provide a visual and quantitative representation of species availability. Speciation and phase diagrams can be made as a function of a variety of parameters.
Learning Objectives. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Predict whether a salt solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral. Calculate the concentrations of the various species in a salt solution. Describe the acid ionization of hydrated metal ions. Salts with Acidic Ions.
When one molecule of a hydrogen halide dissolves in water, a reaction occurs that forms an ion with the formula H30+ One of the bonds in this ion is formed in a different way from the other two bonds. Draw a diagram of the ion, showing the two different ways of representing the bonds.
There are several tests for sulfate ion to identify from other anions in qualitative analysis. Some of metal sulfate compounds are soluble in water and some metal sulfates form precipitates. Sulfate compounds of several d block metal cations form colours.
In this chapter our goal is to teach you what happens when ionic substances dissolve in water, the nature of the chemical reactions they undergo, and the products that form. We will also introduce you to another important class of compounds called acids and bases.
