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When activated in the intima, Th1 cells produce proinflammatory cytokines and enhance the expression of CD40 ligand. Ligation of CD40 on APC by CD40 ligand induces release of extracellular matrix–degrading metalloproteinases and the expression of tissue factor, a key initiator of the coagulation cascade.
Type 1 helper T cells (Th1) produce IFN-γ and play an important role in intracellular defense against microorganisms. Type 2 helper T cells (Th2) produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and are responsible for allergic reactions and for responses to parasitic infections [36].
As their name suggests, T helper (Th) cells provide helper functions to other cells of the immune system—especially the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells—and are important for their activation and maturation.
Classically effector CD4 T cells have been divided into two polarized subsets based on their cytokine production profile. T helper 1 (Th1) cells primarily produce IFN-γ and are critical for the immune responses to various viral infections, as well as infections with intracellular bacteria.
25 Οκτ 2015 · Within this state of elevated systemic inflammation, it appears that some proteins exert immunomodulatory activities of which a few are indicative of peripheral TH cell plasticity, switching between subsets of TH cell according to the changing environment.
5 Οκτ 2014 · CD4 + Th cells have been distinguished into two major types, designated type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) on the basis of different cytokines they produce. 1 - 4 Th1 cells produce interferon- γ (IFN- γ) as their signature cytokine, whereas Th2 cells produce interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13.
15 Μαΐ 2024 · In this article, development and functions of different subsets of helper T cells (T H 1, T H 2, T H 17 and T FH) are illustrated, and their roles in different hypersensitivity reactions are discussed.
