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The upper mantle of Earth is a very thick layer of rock inside the planet, which begins just beneath the crust (at about 10 km (6.2 mi) under the oceans and about 35 km (22 mi) under the continents) and ends at the top of the lower mantle at 670 km (420 mi).
Earth's upper mantle is divided into two major rheological layers: the rigid lithosphere comprising the uppermost mantle (the lithospheric mantle), and the more ductile asthenosphere, separated by the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary.
30 Απρ 2024 · The mantle is the mostly solid bulk of Earth's interior. The mantle lies between Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust. The mantle is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick, and makes up a whopping 84 percent of Earth’s total volume.
Upper Mantle. Temperature: 1,400°C – 3,000°C. State: liquid / solid. Composition: iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium and aluminium. This layer is up to 670km below the Earth’s surface. The lower part of the upper mantle is made from both solid and melted rock (liquid), while the rock in the upper region is stiffer, because it’s cooler. Crust.
1 Ιαν 2021 · The upper mantle is defined as that part of the mantle between the crust and the phase transition of γ–olivine to perovskite. The total mass of the upper mantle is 1.06 × 10 24 kg, about a quarter of the total mass of the mantle.
22 Αυγ 2024 · Most of Earth’s volume (82.5%) is its mantle, and only a small fraction (1.4%) is its crust. Figure 3.3 Earth’s interior. Right- crust, mantle, and outer and inner core to scale. Left- Cutaway showing continental and ocean crust, and upper mantle layers. The lithosphere is the crust plus the uppermost layer of the mantle.
The upper mantle refers to the region below the Earth's crust extending to a depth of about 410 km. It is primarily composed of peridotite rocks containing minerals like olivine and pyroxene, with additional minerals such as oxides and hydrates that can influence its physical properties.
