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New forms and uses of noncoding RNAs continue to be discovered, and the diverse nature of these molecules has led many researchers to believe that RNA may evolutionarily predate both DNA and...
The function of RNA is to transfer the genetic code found in DNA out of the nucleus and carry it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are where proteins are produced - they ‘read’ the RNA to make polypeptides (proteins) in a process known as translation.
Biological Connection: RNA In our cells, DNA is transcribed into a sister molecule called RNA. RNA is made up of the same building blocks as DNA, with the exception that “T” is replaced with “U”. Additionally, like our strip of paper, RNA has a single stranded structure and is more flexible compared to DNA.
RNA is an intermediate molecule that actually carries the information in DNA to the ribosomes, so the proteins can be made. RNA is made from DNA in the nucleus by a process called transcription. See Figure 1. Let’s practice transcribing a segment of DNA. Let’s imagine that one side of a DNA molecule has the following sequence of nucleotides:
Transfer RNA and messenger RNA are synthesized on DNA templates of the chromosomes, while ribosomal RNA is derived from nucleolar DNA. The three types of RNA are synthesized during different stages in early development. Most of the RNA synthesized during cleavage is mRNA.
The document discusses the key differences between DNA and RNA. It notes that DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine, while RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil. DNA forms a double helix structure and is found in the nucleus, while RNA is single-stranded and can be found in the cytoplasm.
