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The valgus stress test, also known as the medial stress test, is used to assess the integrity of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee. MCL injuries are common in the athletic population and can occur as either isolated injuries, or combined with other structural injuries [1].
Valgus and varus stress tests are quick, simple first steps that will help your provider figure out if the ligaments in your knee or elbow are injured. They won’t give an exact result, but they’ll help guide what comes next as your provider diagnoses and treats your injury.
With leg straight, apply valgus stress and varus stress to text deviation greater than a few centimeters.
If you can work out the force of the injury this gives you clues on likely stretched/ damaged structures (Valgus force may indicate an MCL sprain, varus force may indicate an LCL sprain, foot planted and twisted may indicate an ACL sprain/rupture).
The valgus and varus stress tests are specialized maneuvers used to assess the stability of the knee joint. The valgus stress test focuses on the MCL by applying an outward force to the knee, while the varus stress test targets the LCL by applying an inward force.
Tibia is internally rotated and axially loaded while applying a gentle valgus stress to the knee. Start at full extension. Knee is then slowly brought into flexion. (+) = “Shift” felt with subluxation/ reduction of the lateral tibial plateau anteriorly as the knee is. PIVOT SHIFT TEST.
Knee Valgus and Varus Stress Tests. Varus and valgus stress tests of the knee are used to determine the presence of MCL or LCL pathology. To perform this test, have the patient lying supine with the hip flexed to 45 degrees, then take the patient’s leg and secure it between your body and elbow.
