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Since we know the wavelength of light in the two media, we can deduce the effect with pictures. The key is to draw the plane waves as the location of the maximum field values. These crests will be straight lines, but spaced more closely together in the medium with higher index of refraction.
Index of refraction \(n = \frac{c}{v}\), where \(v\) is the speed of light in the material, \(c\) is the speed of light in vacuum, and \(n\) is the index of refraction. Snell’s law, the law of refraction, is stated in equation form as \(n_{1} \sin_{\theta_{1}} = n_{2} \sin_{\theta_{2}}\).
Comparing this to the equation of a straight line: y = mx. y = w (m) x = D (m) Gradient = λ / s (unitless) Plot a graph of w against D and draw a line of best fit. The wavelength of the laser light is equal to the gradient multiplied by the slit separation. λ = gradient × s.
Chapter 9 treats the propagation of plane waves in vacuum and simple media, at planar boundaries, and in combinations confined between sets of planar boundaries, as in waveguides or cavity resonators.
Geometrical Optics (ray optics), treated in the first half of the class. Emphasizes on finding the light path. Especially useful for studying the optical behavior of the system which has length scale much larger than the wavelength of light, such as:
Experiments show that when light interacts with an object several times larger than its wavelength, it travels in straight lines and acts like a ray. Its wave characteristics are not pronounced in such situations.
Snell's Law. Ray Tracing and Problem-Solving. Determination of n Values. Refraction is the bending of the path of a light wave as it passes across the boundary separating two media. Refraction is caused by the change in speed experienced by a wave when it changes medium. Lesson 1, focused on the topics of "What causes refraction?"
