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A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is both valid, and all of its premises are actually true. Otherwise, a deductive argument is unsound.
14 Ιουλ 2005 · The main relevant families of answers include proximal, medial, distal, and aspatial theories. Proximal theories would claim that sounds are where the hearer is. Medial theories—exemplified by mainstream acoustics—locate sounds in the medium between the resonating object and the hearer.
Sounds are public objects of auditory perception. By ‘object’ I mean only that which is perceived—that which is available for attention, thought, and demonstrative reference. Two listeners in a room may hear and talk about the same sound, and all in attendance may hear the sound of the same speech.
Soundness is defined in terms of validity, so since we have already defined validity, we can now rely on it to define soundness. A sound argument is a valid argument that has all true premises. That means that the conclusion of a sound argument will always be true.
5 Μαΐ 2023 · Inference is the process of coming to a conclusion based on evidence; validity refers to whether or not an argument is logically sound; soundness is whether or not an argument is valid and also true; and refutation is the process of disproving an argument.
10 Μαΐ 2021 · Soundness. Given a valid argument, all we know is that if the premises are true, so is the conclusion. But validity does not tell us whether the premises or the conclusion are true or not. If an argument is valid, and all the premises are true, then it is a sound argument.
7 Ιαν 2003 · Our standard view about sound is incoherent. On the one hand, we suppose that sound is a quality, not of the object that makes the sound, but of the surrounding medium. This is the supposition of our ordinary language, modern science and a long philosophical tradition.
