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The principal constituents of milk are water, fat, proteins, lactose (milk sugar) and minerals (salts). Milk also contains trace amounts of other substances such as pigments, enzymes, vitamins, phospholipids (substances with fatlike properties), and gases.
Milk constituents are synthesized in secretory cells (epithelial cells) from raw materials absorbed from the blood. Milk production requires a lot of nutrients that are brought to the udder by the blood. To produce 1 kg of milk, 400–500 kg of blood must pass through the udder.
29 Μαΐ 2017 · Lactose is the most abundant component in milk apart from water, and its formation in the mammary gland helps to draw in water from blood to maintain an isosmotic balance. Thus, the lactose level in milk is correlated with milk yield; for example, lactose levels decrease in late-lactation milk as the milk volume declines.
The Milk Composition section describes the chemical and physical properties and effects of pasteurization on the compounds in milk. A brief overview of the variation in milk composition is provided below as an introduction to this section.
THE CHEMISTRY OF COW’S MILK. MILK’S COMPOSITION. Milk is an emulsion of fat in water. It is also a colloidal suspension of proteins. Other compounds, including lactose and minerals, are. WHY IS MILK WHITE? fully dissolved in the solution. WATER. FAT. PROTEINS. 87.5% 3.9% 3.4% LACTOSE & MINERALS 5.2% FATS IN MILK.
5 Μαΐ 2021 · This review explores the effects of feed types on milk composition and quality, along with the ultimate effect of diet-induced changes on milk and dairy product functionality, with particular emphasis placed on pasture- and concentrate-based feeding systems.
6 Οκτ 2022 · Milk carries an average of 87.1% water, 4.0% fat, 4.6% lactose, 3.25% protein and 0.7% minerals, 0.17% organic acids and 0.15% miscellaneous compounds. The fat is mostly made up of triglycerides, which constitute nearly 97–98.5% of the total lipid followed by di- and monoglycerides represent in traces.