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The principal constituents of milk are water, fat, proteins, lactose (milk sugar) and minerals (salts). Milk also contains trace amounts of other substances such as pigments, enzymes, vitamins, phospholipids (substances with fatlike properties), and gases.
29 Μαΐ 2017 · Milk contains about 3 to 5% fat, secreted as droplets or globules roughly 2 to 6 μm in diameter, surrounded by a membrane of polar lipids and proteins termed the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Milk is an oil-in-water emulsion but not a simple emulsion. Within the core of the fat globule, triacylglycerols are the main molecular form.
Milk contains more water than any other element, around 87% for dairy cows. The other elements are dissolved, colloidally dispersed, and emulsified in water. The quantities of the main milk constituents can vary considerably depending on the individual animal, its breed, stage of lactation, age and health status.
The thick, sour-tasting curdled milk is manufactured from whole milk (at least 3.5 % milk fat), low-fat milk (1.5–1.8 % fat), or skim milk (at most 0.3 % fat), often by blending with skim milk powder to increase the total solid content and to improve the resultant protein gel structure.
This page describes the function of nutritional components in milk: Energy, Water, Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals, and Minor Biological Proteins & Enzymes. Links are provided to move the reader to pages that present the content of specific nutrients in milk, important background information on the chemistry of milk carbohydrate ...
The Milk Composition section describes the chemical and physical properties and effects of pasteurization on the compounds in milk. A brief overview of the variation in milk composition is provided below as an introduction to this section. Topics covered are: Carbohydrate (Lactose) Fat. Protein. Vitamins and Minerals. Enzymes.
S.D. Kalyankar, ... S.S. Deosarkar, in Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 2016. Composition of Milk. Milk is a complex biological fluid consisting of fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and sugar.
