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Diacritical marks are called Tashkeel in Arabic. " Tashkeel" are the marks used as phonetic guides, including the short vowels and the grammatical markers, however they are not included in handwriting. The Arabic language has a one-to-one correspondence between sounds and letters.
The Arabic script has numerous diacritics, which include consonant pointing known as iʻjām (إِعْجَام), and supplementary diacritics known as tashkīl (تَشْكِيل). The latter include the vowel marks termed ḥarakāt (حَرَكَات; sg. حَرَكَة, ḥarakah).
As mentioned before, Arabic has three main vowel sounds represented by different letters, and thus there are three corresponding ḥarakāt: fatḥa (for /a/), ḍamma (for /u/) and kasra (for /i/). Understanding how diacritics function is an essential part of learning Arabic grammar for beginner.
23 Ιουλ 2011 · The Arabic script has many diacritics including i’jaam الإعجام or consonant pointing (using dots to distinguish similar letters), and tashkeel التشكيل (including the Harakaat الحركات, the Tanween التنوين and the Shad’dah الشدّة) and other vowel marks.
23 Φεβ 2024 · The term “harakat” means “movement” or “vowelization,” highlighting their purpose in distinguishing different vowel sounds within the Arabic alphabet. By adding harakat to letters, readers can determine whether a letter should be pronounced with a short or long vowel sound.
25 Σεπ 2018 · The above table includes all the diacritical marks in Arabic. The most basic of these are the three short vowels—the fatHah, the kasrah, and the DHammah. The fatHah, pronounced as a, and the DHammah, pronounced as u, are put over the letter, while the kasrah, pronounced as i, is put below it.
The primary Harakat in Arabic are: Fatha (ـَ): Indicates a short “a” sound. Kasra (ـِ): Indicates a short “i” sound. Damma (ـُ): Indicates a short “u” sound. These marks are essential for beginners as they provide clues on how to pronounce words correctly.
