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  1. Diacritical marks are called Tashkeel in Arabic. "Tashkeel" are the marks used as phonetic guides, including the short vowels and the grammatical markers, however they are not included in handwriting. The Arabic language has a one-to-one correspondence between sounds and letters.

  2. The Arabic script has numerous diacritics, which include consonant pointing known as iʻjām (إِعْجَام), and supplementary diacritics known as tashkīl (تَشْكِيل). The latter include the vowel marks termed ḥarakāt (حَرَكَات; sg. حَرَكَة, ḥarakah).

  3. The latter include the ḥarakāt 〈ﺕﺎَﻛَﺮَﺣ〉 (vowel marks; singular: ḥarakah 〈ﺔَﻛَﺮَﺣ〉). The Arabic script is an impure abjad, where short consonants and long vowels are represented by letters but short vowels and consonant length are not generally indicated in writing. Tashkīl is optional to represent missing ...

  4. remember to tighten/emphasise the saakin letter so to differentiate from an ordinary saakin letter as t • A waqf is only correct if breath is taken before reading the following word. To read the last letter as sukoon ( ) and not to renew the breath is incorrect. • The opposite of waqf is known as 'wasl'. Wasl means to join verses / sentences

  5. This document provides information on the connections between Arabic letters when they appear at the beginning, middle, and end of words. It lists 22 letters that can connect to the next letter in cursive Arabic script, including the name or sound of each letter and the letter itself.

  6. Sifaat refers to the characteristic(s) of the letter. Definition:the way in which a letter is articulated that differentiates it from others. The purpose of these characteristics is to distinguish the letters that share the same articulation points (makhaarij). But why do we need Sifaat when we already know the origin of the letter (makhraj)?

  7. The Arabic diacritics are broken down into two categories in the Arabic script: consonant pointing (iʻjām/إِعْجام) and supplementary diacritics (tashkīl/تَشْكِيل). Consonant pointing are points belonging to the different Arabic letters, it is for example what will help us recognize letter ṣād ص from the letter ḍād ض.