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A cooling water system should be used when the process heat is available at a low temperature (below 60°C), no more easily exploited, and the process outlet temperature must be lower than the ambient air temperature.
Corrosion causes pitting and leaks in cooling systems and can lead to the replacement of pipes, pumps, heat exchanger tubes and even entire cooling towers. Iron oxide, especially, contributes to fouling and deposition, which interfere with heat transfer. Downtime for equipment repair or replacement is always costly.
Cooling systems require protection from corrosion, scaling, and microbiological fouling to maximize performance, preserve equipment life and reliability, and most importantly, help ensure employee safety. In this chapter, we examine fundamental cooling system design and heat transfer basics.
Water Flow (GPM/GPH) based on Pipe Size and Inside/Outside Diameters. Assume Gravity to Low Pressure. About 6 f/s flow velocity, also suction side of pump. Assume Average Pressure (20-100PSI). About 12 f/s flow velocity. Assume "High Pressure" PEAK flow. About 18 f/s flow velocity.
Condenser pressure rises with condenser temperature. Compressor work increases as condenser pressure rises. “Heat transfer device, often tower-like, in which atmospheric air cools warm water, generally by direct contact (evaporation).”. cooling tower.
When selecting the pipes and valves for a cooling system, it is important to understand the options available—and the possible outcomes associated with each selection. Many factors can impact the effectiveness, longevity, and quality of the overall cooling system.
In this chapter, we examine cooling water chemistry and treatment programs to maintain reliability throughout the cooling water network. Cooling systems require protection from corrosion, scaling, and biofouling (or microbiological fouling) to maximize performance.
