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Cadmium is a naturally occurring toxic metal with common exposure in industrial workplaces, plant soils, and from smoking. Due to its low permissible exposure in humans, overexposure may occur even in situations where only trace quantities of cadmium are found.
1 Νοε 2022 · The present review describes the Cd sources, its toxicity to living organisms, and resistance mechanisms including the efflux systems, Czc operon, cation diffusion facilitator, intracellular sequestration and oxidative stress response.
From the soil, certain plants (tobacco, rice, other cereal grains, potatoes, and other vegetables) take up cadmium more avidly than they do other heavy metals such as lead and mercury (Satarag et al. 2003). Cadmium is also found in meat, especially sweetmeats such as liver and kidney.
The atmospheric deposition of airborne cadmium, mining, and the use of certain sources of fertilizers containing cadmium phosphate and sewage sludge on farms may lead to soil contamination and increased absorption by crops and vegetables for human consumption.
Long-term exposure to cadmium through air, water, soil, and food leads to cancer and organ system toxicity such as skeletal, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, central and peripheral nervous, and respiratory systems. Cadmium levels can be measured in the blood, urine, hair, nail and saliva samples.
16 Ιαν 2011 · Cadmium exerts toxic effects on the kidneys as well as the skeletal and respiratory systems. It is classified as a human carcinogen. It is generally present in the environment at low levels; however, human activity has greatly increased levels in environmental media relevant to population exposure.
6 Μαΐ 2019 · Cadmium Sources and Toxicity. Soisungwan Satarug. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information PMC Disclaimer. This special issue of Toxics, Cadmium (Cd) sources and toxicity, consists of one comprehensive review [1], three epidemiologic investigations [2, 3, 4] and five laboratory-based investigations [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
