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These asymmetries can have various sources; one of the most frequently used is French and Raven's (1959) distinction between coercive and non-coercive power sources, which was refined by...
In a notable study of power conducted by social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven in 1959, power is divided into five separate and distinct forms. [1] [2] They identified those five bases of power as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert.
French, J. R. P., Jr., & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in social power (pp. 150–167). Univer. Michigan. Abstract. 5 types of social influence, leading to various research hypotheses, are distinguished: referent power, expert power, reward power, coercive power, and legitimate power.
J. R. French, B. Raven. Published 1959. Political Science, Sociology. The processes of power are pervasive, complex, and often disguised in our society.
In our initial papers (French & Raven, 1959; Raven, 1965), we first defined social influence as a change in the belief, attitude, or behavior of a per-son (the target of influence), which results from the action of another person (an influencing agent).
Source: John R. P. French, Jr., and Bertram Raven, "The Bases of Social Power," in Studies in Social Power, edited by Dorwin P. Carcwright (Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, 1959), pp. 150-167.
Traces the history and background of the analysis of the basis of power, beginning with its origins in the works of K. Lewin and his followers. The original J. R. French and B. H. Raven (1959) bases of power model has gone through significant developments.
