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30 Οκτ 2023 · This article will review the embryology of the bone marrow as well as its histology. Additionally, the constituent cell lineages and their function will be discussed, together with clinically relevant processes and pathologies.
Bone Marrow Structure and Function. The bone marrow is found within the central cavities of axial and long bones (Figure 1). It consists of hematopoietic tissue islands and adipose cells surrounded by vascular sinuses interspersed within a meshwork of trabecular bone.
There are two types of bone marrow: Red bone marrow - formation of the various types of blood cells (hematopoiesis). Red in color because of the hemoglobin in red blood cells (erythrocytes). Yellow bone marrow - contains a high proportion of adipocytes. This tissue section is from red bone marrow.
The components involved in bone marrow histology are cortical and trabecular bone and stroma, vasculature, sinus wall layers, nerves, hematopoietic cells, and non-hematopoietic interstitial cells. Refer to Box 2 , Box 3 for a checklist and list of histochemical stains used to assess bone marrow histologic specimens.
For many histopathologists, who are comfortable looking at lymph nodes, assessing bone marrow trephines, let alone aspirate morphology can seem daunting. This article aims to familiarize the reader with the basic structure and function of the bone marrow and normal morphology of haematopoietic cells.
The quality of the marrow sections is governed by numerous variables related to specimen collection and processing and must be considered. In addition to discussing normal structure, function, and histology of bone marrow, methods for preparation and evaluation of bone marrow are presented.
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. [2] . In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). [3] . It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells.
