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30 Οκτ 2023 · The primary bronchi have cartilage and a mucous membrane that are similar to those found in the trachea. Additionally, hyaline cartilage forms an incomplete ring in the bronchi that gives them the characteristic "D"-shaped appearance in the larger bronchi, and as small “plates and islands” in smaller-sized bronchi.
The mucous membrane of the primary bronchi is initially lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, but eventually the lining transitions to simple cuboidal epithelium, and then to simple squamous epithelium. The bronchi are part of the conducting zone and contribute to anatomical dead space.
This review describes advances in the biochemical and especially biophysical understanding of the mucus clearance system in health, covering both cilia-dependent (mucociliary clearance, i.e., MCC) and airflow-dependent (gas-liquid pumping, cough) mechanisms.
24 Οκτ 2023 · The mucus membrane lining the bronchi moisturizes the air as it enters the lungs and protects against infectious agents. It provides a meaningful "barrier" to inhaled pathogens that can help prevent infections from taking hold.
The bronchi branch into smaller and smaller passageways until they terminate in tiny air sacs called alveoli. The cartilage and mucous membrane of the primary bronchi are similar to that in the trachea.
The mucosa of the intrapulmonary bronchial tree forms the inner layer on the bronchiole. From deep to superficial, it is composed of its outer epithelium resting on a basement membrane and a lamina propria.
The corium of the mucous membrane contains numerous elastic fibers running longitudinally, and a certain amount of lymphoid tissue; it also contains the ducts of mucous glands, the acini of which lie in the fibrous coat.
