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5 Νοε 2022 · Alcohol (ethanol) is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant drug that, depending on its blood concentration, can induce various manifestations such as relief from anxiety, disinhibition, ataxia, and general anesthesia.
20 Μαΐ 2020 · The FDA has approved three medications for alcohol use disorder: naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram. Additionally, other medications including gabapentin, baclofen, topiramate, and ondansetron show promise off-label for treating alcohol use disorder.
3 Σεπ 2024 · Pharmacologic treatment of alcohol use disorder has focused on altering the reinforcing effects of alcohol use. Medication development has focused on several neurotransmitter systems that mediate reinforcement including opioid, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin systems.
23 Ιαν 2014 · Pharmacologic strategies for treating alcohol dependence include generating an aversive physiological reaction to alcohol to mask positive subjective effects and administering medications that block alcohol reinforcement.
The FDA-approved medications and others undergoing pre-clinical and clinical trials are shown. The inhibitory effects of alcohol intake are mediated through the hormone ghrelin, oxytocin and opioid receptors, that are expressed in VTA, NAc, hypothalamus and amygdala of the brain.
The finding that varenicline’s effects on alcohol drinking was more favorable in males than females is of particular importance as it points to a possible gender difference in response to varenicline. 32. Roberts W, Harrison ELR, and McKee SA, Effects of varenicline on alcohol cue reactivity in heavy drinkers. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 2017.
The pharmacology of most of the medications commonly used, such as benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal and disulfiram, acamprosate and naltrexone for relapse prevention, is well characterised and provides a potential neurobiological rationale for their effectiveness.
