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When influenza appeared in the United States in 1918, Americans responded to the incursion of disease with measures used since Antiquity, such as quarantines and social distancing. During the pandemic's zenith, many cities shut down essential services. Public health professionals on the home front, including many volunteer nurses, deployed ...
14 Σεπ 2022 · Flu mortality in the United States declined precipitously with the end of the war (November 11, 1918). After the second wave, there was a seasonal bump of flu in winter 1918–1919 with higher than usual pneumonia mortality, and sporadic outbreaks dispersed throughout the world in 1919 and even 1920.
8 Απρ 2024 · Influenza outbreaks peaking in December 1917 and again in April 1918 were of low incidence (~5% of soldiers were clinically ill) and were associated with case fatality ratios fivefold lower than during the true fall pandemic (~1% versus ~5% case fatality ratios).
Following it are three essays that frame the 1918 influenza pandemic in terms of the biological history of the virus, the response of scientists who unsuccess-fully sought to produce an effective vaccine, and the guiding parameters of urban public health during the early 20th century.
After 100 years, the 1918 pandemic remains a defining moment for public health in the United States and indeed the world. With unprecedented severity and speed, the H1N1 influenza virus spread across the globe to virtually every part of the Earth, killing at least 50 million people.
Data from U.S. military training camps in 1918 indicated that the odds of influenza cases being complicated by bronchopneumonia in September–October 1918 were approximately 25-fold higher than they had been in the December 1917–April 1918 pre-pandemic peaks of influenza-like illnesses .
11 Απρ 2024 · Before COVID-19, the most severe pandemic in recent history was the 1918 influenza virus, often called “the Spanish Flu.” The virus infected roughly 500 million people—one-third of the world’s population—and caused 50 million deaths worldwide (double the number of deaths in World War I).
