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The article talks about how the processor can reference (or address) the memory. In all modern architectures memory is byte-addressable, which means that every byte-sized memory cell has a number (its address), which the CPU uses to identify that cell.
28 Σεπ 2022 · For a standard x86 system (no memory extensions), the kernel can access the full 4GiB of memory space (even if the computer has only 1GiB of ram due to paging). The kernel reserves the upper 2GiB (some kernels reserve 1GiB or 3GiB instead) for it's own use.
Hence, a processor with 64-bit memory addresses can directly access 2 64 bytes (16 exabytes or EB) of byte-addressable memory. With no further qualification, a 64-bit computer architecture generally has integer and addressing registers that are 64 bits wide, allowing direct support for 64-bit data types and addresses.
25 Ιουλ 2010 · A 64-bit machine should be able to address up to 2 64 addressable units (in architectures designed over the last few decades, addressable units are invariably bytes, a.k.a. octets). If you define a "gigabyte" as 2 30 addressable units, then yes, 2 34 gigabytes would be another way to express the same count.
A 64-bit OS can give individual 32-bit applications closer to the full 4 GB to play with. From a user's perspective: Application speed is usually faster for a 64-bit application in a 64-bit OS compared to the 32-bit version of the application on a 32-bit OS, but most users won't see this speed-up.
All 64-bit versions of Microsoft operating systems currently impose a 16 TB limit on address space. Processes created on the 64-bit editions of Windows Vista can have 8 TB in virtual memory for user processes and 8 TB for kernel processes to create a virtual memory of 16 TB.[29]
Help you learn about: The memory / storage hierarchy. Locality and caching. Virtual memory. How the hardware and OS give application programs the illusion of a large, contiguous, private address space. Virtual memory is one of the most important concepts in system programming.
