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22 Μαΐ 2023 · The odds ratio is a ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the event occurring in an exposed group versus the odds of the event occurring in a non-exposed group. Odds ratios commonly are used to report case-control studies.
13 Αυγ 2013 · How to interpret odds ratios, confidence intervals and p values with a stepwise progressive approach and a’concept check’ question as each new element is introduced.
17 Ιαν 2023 · An adjusted odds ratio is an odds ratio that has been adjusted to account for other predictor variables in a model. It’s particularly useful for helping us understand how a predictor variable affects the odds of an event occurring, after adjusting for the effect of other predictor variables.
Odds ratios frequently are used to present strength of association between risk factors and outcomes in the clinical literature. Odds and odds ratios are related to the probability of a binary outcome (an outcome that is either present or absent, such as mortality).
The odds ratio divides the odds in the exposed group by the odds in the reference group. For our hypothetical example, the odds of hypertension for drinkers is 50%/50% or 1 to 1; and the odds for nondrinkers is 25%/75% or 1 to 3; thus, the odds ratio is OR 50%⁄50% ⁄ 25%⁄75% 3.0, or, equivalently, OR 1⁄1 ⁄ 1⁄3 3.0.
Among the measures of effect calculated from these frequency data, perhaps the most common is the odds ratio (OR = ad/bc). Meta-analyses have used various statistical techniques to estimate an overall effect that summarizes the effect sizes from the individual studies.
