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1 Νοε 2017 · Although its use is controversial and raises ethical challenges, the contribution of animal models in medicine is essential for understanding the physiopathology and novel treatment...
Nowadays, alternative methods can include a range of techniques, including cell-based tests ( in vitro ); tests using tissue taken from dead humans or animals ( ex vivo ); chemical-based analytical tests ( in chemico ); computer-based model -
30 Μαρ 2019 · Methods that replace techniques that use live animals, or methods of test- ing substances without live animal use, are known as alternatives , replacements or non-animal methods .
This open access book describes recent advances in the pure sciences that promise to reduce the use of animals within the life sciences and presents examples of application of the 3Rs – replacement, reduction, and refinement – in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics.
Current trends and issues in the development of alternatives to the use of animals in biomedical experimentation are discussed in this position paper and genetic engineering and toxicogenomics are discussed with an eye toward the future of biological experimentation in general.
This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement ...
This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement ...
