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  1. Outline. Part 1: AFM, instrumentations, principles and mode of operations. SPM: The principle of a local probe. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): the basis for the AFM. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): basic ideas and concepts. Part 2: Applications to Nanoscale Characterizations, Manipulation and Fabrications. “Physical Applications”:

  2. teach the fundamentals of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), it is useful to have a set of notes that interested students can work through in an independent, self-study mode at their own pace, without the benefit of a rigorous class schedule. The lecture notes Fundamentals of Atomic Force Microscopy, Part I:

  3. Basic Theory. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Robert A. Wilson and Heather A. Bullen,* Department of Chemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099. Outline. How does the AFM work? How are forces measured? - Spring Constants. - Probes. - Instrumentation Imaging Methods What types of forces are measured?

  4. Atomic Force Microscope. While STM could provide atomic resolution of the surface, it requires the sample to be conducting! In addition, the sample, tip and the apparatus needs to be in vacuum and electronics cooled to reduce noise.

  5. atomic force microscopy (AFM) is important for users to choose suitable measure-ment modes for their research projects, optimize working parameters, identify arti-facts, and interpret data. In this chapter, conventional imaging modes and force modes will be discussed first, followed by the introduction of recent developments

  6. The Atomic Force Microscope is a kind of scanning probe microscope in which a topographical image of the sample surface can be achieved based on the interactions between a tip and a sample surface. The

  7. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), invented by Bin- nig, Quate, and Gerber [1], is one of the most versatile methods of imaging nanoscale structures (see Table I).

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