Αποτελέσματα Αναζήτησης
Improvements since then saw the average national life expectancy rise from around forty-four years in 1949 to sixty-eight years in 1985, while the Chinese population estimated to be living in absolute poverty fell from between 200 and 590 million in 1978 to 70 million in 2017. [2]
4 Ιαν 2011 · This article develops data on the history of wages and prices in Beijing, Canton, and Suzhou/Shanghai in China from the eighteenth century to the twentieth, and compares them with leading cities in Europe, Japan, and India in terms of nominal wages, the cost of living, and the standard of living.
1 Ιουλ 2010 · Our paper represents the first attempt to construct a more comprehensive profile of the evolution of Chinese living standards and human capital in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries based on the integration of large-sample based real wage and anthropometric evidences.
1 Απρ 2024 · The first is whether labour payments in early modern China reflected the factor price of labour. The second is whether wage-dependent labourers in China provide any useful information on the economy and the living conditions of the labour force in general.
Attempts to reconstruct basic aspects of the standard of living in late eighteenth century China, focusing primarily on the Yangzi Delta (China’s richest region) but also briefly considering other areas, and arguing that for most of the population it was probably broadly comparable to Western Europe at the same time.
To break new ground on historical wages in China, this paper compiled a new dataset to include 5,620 wage quotations from public and private sectors and made the first attempt to build a wage series for the Lower Yangzi from the sixteenth to
1 Ιαν 2007 · convince us that pre-industrial Chinese living standards were similar to those in the leading regions of Europe. In this regard, Adam Smith’s pessimism looks closer to the truth than the
