Αποτελέσματα Αναζήτησης
Improvements since then saw the average national life expectancy rise from around forty-four years in 1949 to sixty-eight years in 1985, while the Chinese population estimated to be living in absolute poverty fell from between 200 and 590 million in 1978 to 70 million in 2017. [2]
4 Ιαν 2011 · This article develops data on the history of wages and prices in Beijing, Canton, and Suzhou/Shanghai in China from the eighteenth century to the twentieth, and compares them with leading cities in Europe, Japan, and India in terms of nominal wages, the cost of living, and the standard of living.
1 Ιουλ 2010 · Taking an average of the Chinese age-heaping values reported above yields values around 160 during the 1820s, rising to 170 during the mid-century crisis period, and declining afterwards until full age numeracy is reached among the birth cohort of the 1890s (with a Whipple Index of 100).
1 Απρ 2024 · The first is whether labour payments in early modern China reflected the factor price of labour. The second is whether wage-dependent labourers in China provide any useful information on the economy and the living conditions of the labour force in general.
7 Φεβ 2022 · That is, while the total size of the Chinese economy may have grown due to the rising population, per capita living standards failed to rise above historical norms and might have even declined during the long period.
Finally, I discuss a number of reasons why both average standards of living and subsistence security may have declined sharply in some parts of China during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
2014. This paper investigates China’s economic development between 1840 and 1912. We look at living standards and general economic trends in the late Qing dynasty and discuss the reliability of existing estimations of per capita GDP. Secondly, we introduce a new estimate of long-term growth.
