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Integrals of Trigonometric Functions. ∫ sin x dx = − cos x + C. ∫ cos x dx = sin x + C. ∫ tan x dx = ln sec x + C. ∫ sec x dx = ln tan x + sec x + C. ∫ 1. sin. 2. x dx = ( x − sin x cos x ) + C.
Page 2 of 6. INTEGRATION FORMULAE STANDARD INTEGRALS 1. ∫, ( )- ( ) , ( )- [where, n ≠ 1- 2. ∫ ( ) ( ) * ( )+ 3. ∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) [where, v be the function of x]
Basic Integration Formulas. Power functions: xn+1. xn = + C, n 6= −1. + 1. 1. dx = ln |x| + C. x. 2. Trigonometric functions: Z. (3) sin xdx = − cos x + C. Z. (4) cos xdx = sin x + C. Z. (5) sec2xdx = tan x + C. Z. (6) csc2 xdx = − cot x + C. Z. (7) sec x tan xdx = sec x + C. Z. (8) csc x cot x = − csc x + C. 3. Exponential function: Z.
Integration by parts: u dv = uv. −. v du + C. ax + b. Partial Fractions: to integrate a function like : (x + c)(x + d) ax + b A B A(x + d) + B(x + c) Write = + = , (x + c)(x + d) (x + c) (x + d) (x + c)(x + d) so ax + b = A(x + d) + B(x + c) = (A + B)x + (Ad + Bc), so a = A + B and b = Ad + Bc; solve for A and B .
Basic integration formulas. (x + c)(x + d) (x + c) (x + d) (x + c)(x + d) so ax + b = A(x + d) + B(x + c) = (A + B)x + (Ad + Bc), so a = A + B and b = Ad + Bc; solve for A and B . The approach for more general denomenator can be found in nearly any calculus textbook.
Sometimes we can rewrite an integral to match it to a standard form. More often however, we will need more advanced techniques for solving integrals. First, let’s look at some examples of our known methods. Basic integration formulas. 1. k dx = kx + C. xn+1. 2. xndx = + C. + 1. 3. dx = ln |x| + C. x. 4. ex dx = ex + C. 5. axdx ax. = + C ln(a)
Integration Formulas: xp+1. xp dx = + C; p 6=. + 1. (2) sin(x) dx = cos(x) + C. Z. (3) cos(x) dx = sin(x) + C. Z.