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19 Αυγ 2020 · The dipole moment of a molecule can be calculated by Equation \(\ref{1}\): \[ \vec{\mu} = \sum_i q_i \, \vec{r}_i \label{1}\] where \(\vec{\mu}\) is the dipole moment vector \(q_i\) is the magnitude of the \(i^{th}\) charge, and \(\vec{r}_i\) is the vector representing the position of \(i^{th}\) charge.
In a polar molecule, electron density is unevenly distributed throughout the molecule, resulting in regions of partial negative charge and regions of partial positive charge. Molecular polarity depends on both individual bond polarities and molecular geometry, the latter of which we can predict using VSEPR theory.
In polyatomic compounds, the net dipole moment is determined by the individual bond dipole moments and geometry of the compound. Consider a water molecule with two polar bonds. It has a bent shape and is a polar molecule.
The Lewis structure helps us identify the bond pairs and the lone pairs. Then, with the Lewis structure, we apply the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSPER) theory to determine the molecular geometry and the electron-group geometry.
10 Σεπ 2020 · Example 1. The diatomic \ (AB\). How do we determine a set of coordinates for \ (AB\) given only its bond length \ (r\). Since its absolute location in space and its orientation are arbitrary, any set of coordinates that reproduces the correct bond length will suffice.
Molecular Dipole – The Overall Polarity of the Molecule. The dipole moment of a molecule and its overall polarity depends on the magnitude and direction of individual polar bonds and their dipole moments.
The dipole moment is the measure of the polarity of a molecule. It occurs when there is a separation of charges. A dipole moment exists in a single atom or molecule. When it occurs in a molecule, it can be between two atoms in an ionic or covalent bond [1-4].
